LOYOLA UNIVERSITY MARYLAND
ALCOHOL AND DRUG EDUCATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES
2012-2013 Standards and Sanctions, Health Information,
and Services
Alcohol and Drug Education
and Support Services
4501 North Charles Street
Seton Court 02B
Baltimore, MD 21210-2699
410-617-2928
FAX # 410-617-5307
http://www.loyola.edu/adess
● The vast majority of Loyola students who consume alcohol drink responsibly,
with over 11% of Loyola students choosing not to drink at all. 84% of students
drink two times per week or less and over 46% of students drink one time per
week or less. Most students who drink engage in safe drinking practices such as
pacing their drinks to maintain a low BAC (blood alcohol concentration).
●
Loyola University, through its Department of Alcohol and Drug Education and
Support Services (ADESS), conducts alcohol and other drug abuse prevention
education programs, developed and presented with involvement of peer educators.
ADESS provides confidential intervention, support, education, and referral
services for students with, or at risk to develop, alcohol or other drug (AOD)
problems, including individual and group counseling and an on-campus
state-certified Outpatient Treatment Program. Substance free housing is
available through the Office of Student Life.
Help is also available to
students experiencing difficulty due to the AOD use of someone close to them,
including a roommate, significant other, or parent, in the latter case often
called "Adult Children of Alcoholics" (ACOAs). ADESS offers weekly,
confidential support groups for student with parents or other loved ones with
alcohol or drug problems. There are twelve step meetings on, and close by,
campus, (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Al-Anon). ADESS has a
solid core of Loyola students and recent graduates in recovery to act as
contacts to aid a student new to recovery. ADESS also offers weekly
confidential support groups for students in recovery or who for any reason have
chosen to not use drugs or alcohol.
●
Loyola UniversityÕs policies and regulations, consistent with federal, state
and local laws, prohibit unlawful possession, use, or distribution of AOD on
its property or as part of its activities. Involvement in the sale, or issuance
of a false ID is a violation of Maryland law. Fraudulently altering or using a
driver's license to obtain alcoholic beverages can result in loss or suspension
of the license. A person under 21 years of age driving or attempting to drive a
motor vehicle may, under Maryland law, be fined up to $500 and have his/her
driver's license suspended if found to have a blood alcohol level of .02. This level can result from as little as
one beer or glass of wine.
●
Students under the age of 21 may not lawfully purchase, or consume alcoholic
beverages, and face consequences for doing so which, in addition to mandatory
attendance of education classes, or evaluation to identify potential problem
use, include suspension from residence halls, or suspension or expulsion from
the University, with completion of substance dependence treatment a condition
for return to the University, if appropriate. Students illegally using a
drug(s) other than alcohol also face consequences that include suspension, with
mandatory random drug tests, suspension and expulsion, with treatment as a
condition for return, as appropriate.
●
Material in this document is not intended to be, and is not, a comprehensive
statement of applicable laws. Students are subject to all applicable local,
state, and federal laws regarding alcohol and other drugs, and are not exempt
from enforcement of these laws by virtue of their status as Loyola students or
their presence on Loyola University property. Concerned individuals should
consult state or federal prosecutors or their own attorneys for legal advice or
clarification of legal matters.
II. Alcohol and Drug
Education and Support Services (ADESS)
This Department is staffed by
a full time Director, Jan Edward Williams, MS, JD, LCADC; a part time educator
and counselor, Cindy Parcover, MS, LCPC; a full time educator and counselor, Zachary
Hitchens, MS, NCC; and an Administrative Assistant Danielle Avent. Department offices are located in Seton
Hall 02B next to the Health Center on the west side of campus. Call
410-617-2928 for information or for a confidential individual session with Jan
Edward Williams to discuss any of the information in this document, or
visit our Web Site:
http://www.loyola.edu/campuslife/healthservices/adess/index.html, which
provides information about alcoholism and related problems and ADESS services.
ADESS services are free to Loyola undergraduate and graduate students.
The following points deserve
special emphasis:
1. Severe
consequences can result from the use and abuse of alcohol and other
psychoactive substances, without the development of alcoholism or other
drug dependence.
2. Alcohol
or other drug dependence can and does develop rapidly in teenagers and young
adults.
3. Although
addictive disease can develop in almost any chronic user of psychoactive
substances, persons from families with a history of alcoholism, especially in
parents or grandparents, are at a greater risk to develop alcohol
problems themselves. Surveys of incoming Loyola students and their parents show
that forty percent reported alcohol or other drug problems in blood relatives.
Students with such a family history tend also to be at risk to develop
other problems, including eating disorders and difficulties in intimate
relationships.
5.
Use of any non-physician prescribed
medications, especially pain killers such as OxyContin, can result in addiction
and carries dangers of overdose.
6.
A number of
college students in the United States dies each year from excessive alcohol
use. Drinking too much alcohol too fast can kill you. Mixing alcohol and other
drugs, whether prescribed, over the counter medications, or street drugs, can
also be deadly. If you encounter a person who is passed out, or
unconscious and cannot be easily aroused, or appears to have trouble breathing,
it can be a fatal decision to put the person to bed, unattended, "to sleep
it off.Ó The safest action is to call for help. Call Campus Police x5911
and 911.
Health Risks: Alcohol
Alcohol, a drug, is a central nervous
system depressant. With moderate drinking a person may experience flushing,
dizziness, dulling of senses, and impairment of coordination, reflexes, memory
and judgment. Taken in larger quantities, death may occur due to depression of
the parts of the brain that control breathing and heart rate. Drinkers who also
smoke are more at risk for developing certain cancers. Pregnant women who drink
risk fetal alcohol syndrome in the newborn. It is important to read labels of
over-the-counter medications for cautions about the use of alcohol while on a
particular medication.
College students who drink
to get drunk are at significant risk while drinking for personal injury,
acquaintance rape, and unplanned, unprotected sexual activity which could
result in pregnancy and exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs),
including the AIDS virus, and genital human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia, and genital herpes.
The dangers of drinking and
driving cannot be overemphasized. Data suggest that despite widespread
knowledge of these dangers, a significant number of students continue to drive
under the influence of alcohol.
Health Risks: Controlled
Psychoactive Substances
For a listing of possible
effects, effects of overdose, withdrawal signs and symptoms, and potential for
dependence of substances regulated under the Federal Controlled Substances Act
(21 U.S.C. 811), refer to Table 1, attached to this document.
Prescription Pain
Relievers (codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, etc.)
Whether Swallowed, Snorted,
Smoked, or Injected, these Drugs Are Highly Addictive, Pose Serious Overdose
Dangers, and Their Unlawful Use Can Result in Serious Criminal Penalties.
The drugs referred to
include: Opium/morphine/codeine; Oxycodone (trade names include Percodan,
Percocet and OxyContin); Hydromorphone (Pallodone, Dilaudid); Hydrocodone
(Vicodin, Lortab); Meperidine (Demerol); Fentanyl; Methadone; and
Buprenorphine. Use or possession of these drugs by anyone not the holder of a
lawful prescription is a crime subjecting the offender to serious criminal
penalties including imprisonment. Unlawful (no valid prescription) possession
and use of these drugs by a Loyola University student will constitute grounds
for suspension or expulsion from the University. Abuse of these opiate drugs
has increased in recent years on college campuses, especially by snorting or
smoking of the drugs rather than by intravenous use. Users believe,
erroneously, that avoidance of dangers associated with I.V. use, such as HIV
and hepatitis disease, by snorting or smoking the drugs, reduces the dangers of
physical dependence, addiction, and overdose. That belief is dangerously
incorrect.
Dangers Associated with
Non-Prescribed Use of Pain Relievers
Overdose
LetÕs use oxycodone as an
example. Like other narcotic medications, oxycodone can impair mental and
physical abilities, and is a central nervous system depressant. Side effects
include breathing irregularity or respiratory depression, headaches, nausea,
dizziness, seizures, low blood pressure, and heart failure. Overdose death is
possible due to cardiac arrest or slowed breathing, especially when ingesting
or snorting crushed pain relievers.
Addiction and Physical Dependence
Addiction basically means a pattern of use of a drug despite adverse
consequences. What is important is not necessarily how often the addict uses,
but what happens when he/she does use. The addict may not be physically
dependent on the opiate in order to have an addiction. Addiction is
characterized by behaviors that include one or more of the following: impaired
control over drug use (loss of control), compulsive use, continued use despite
harm, and craving. Physical Dependence is a state of adaptation that is
manifested by a drug class specific withdrawal syndrome that can be produced by
abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or decreasing blood level of the drug.
Any individual that takes an opiate, regardless of the reason, will, after use
every four hours or so, over a week to 10 days (or less), become physically
dependent on the drug and go into withdrawal upon abruptly stopping use.
The short term withdrawal, as
unpleasant as it may be, is the easy part of addiction recovery. Recovery from
opiate addiction is possible, but is difficult. The opiate addict needs
comprehensive treatment and support in order to put together a long term
recovery. Treatment often includes completion of a residential treatment
program or of an intensive outpatient treatment program, and regular,
preferably daily, attendance of Twelve Step meetings such as Narcotics
Anonymous. Any Loyola University student with concerns about drug addiction may
call Jan Williams, Director of Loyola UniversityÕs Alcohol and Drug Education
and Support Services, to schedule a confidential appointment: 410-617-2928.
Club Drugs
Rohypnol, GHB, and Ecstasy, described below, are Òclub
drugsÓ found at dance parties, ÒravesÓ, ÒtrancesÓ, dance clubs, and bars.
Rohypnol and GHB are also reported to have been used in sexual assaults on
college campuses in the United States, primarily in combination with
alcohol. News stories have been
published of unsuspecting use by women followed by rape and inability by the
victim to clearly identify the perpetrator. Students should exercise caution in
drinking situations. Here are some ways to try to protect oneself:
● Do not go to parties alone; there is safety in
numbers.
● Do not accept a mixed drink, or opened
container; watch your drink being mixed.
● Don't share or exchange drinks with others.
● Don't leave your drink unattended.
●
If you feel disoriented, out-of-control, or not able to care for yourself, or
make decisions, ask for help from a trustworthy person.
Prescription Stimulant Abuse
Students sometimes use non-prescribed (i.e., not prescribed for them)
stimulants such as Adderall, Concerta, or Ritalin to cram for tests or do an
Òall-nighterÓ to write a paper. Use of these non-prescribed stimulants is
dangerous, unlawful, associated with other harmful behaviors, and does not
result in academic success.
1)
Nonmedical
prescription stimulant users typically have lower grade point averages than
non-users, suggesting that academically successful students are not likely to
use prescription stimulants nonmedically.
2)
Nonmedical
prescription stimulant users are more likely than other students to be heavy
drinkers and users of other illicit drugs.
3)
Use of someone
elseÕs prescription drug can result in serious criminal penalties, including
suspension or expulsion from the University. Abuse of these stimulants can
cause serious cardiovascular, central nervous system, and other medical
problems. Taking stimulants without a doctorÕs prescription can cause dangerous
side effects in individuals with heart disease, high blood pressure, overactive
thyroid, anxiety, mental illness, and other medical condition
Marijuana (tetrahydrocannabinol)
Marijuana has the reputation among many as a Òno big
dealÓ drug; ÒItÕs just pot.Ó There are a number of points to consider in making
a decision to use marijuana or not. The obvious point to be made first is that
purchase and possession of this illegal substance (regardless of whether one
agrees with this legal policy or not), is dangerous in terms of circumstances
of purchase on the street, can result in criminal charges, and, of course, can
result in serious disciplinary consequences at Loyola College, including
suspension from the college.
The effects of chronic use of marijuana are not as
obviously devastating as those associated with other ÒharderÓ drugs. Indeed,
the fact that the effects are not as dramatic tends to play into the denial that
this drug is addictive and dangerous. Marijuana
is not a benign drug. The disruption of short term memory from use of
marijuana is well established. There can also be serious effects on motivation,
drive, and focus that often do not become apparent until too late, after the
person stops using the drug. For some, marijuana use results in addiction,
meaning use of the drug adversely affects significant areas of the userÕs life:
academics, relationships, legally, and at times medically (for example use while
on an anti-depressant medication). For some, use of the drug can trigger, or be
associated with, development of mental health problems such as anxiety and
depression. Finally, and not usually considered by traditional college age
students, a pattern of marijuana use, say, one to two times a week, even if not
resulting in addiction or adverse effects, can pose serious obstacles to
employment where in depth background checks are done (for example, for
security clearance reasons). Investigators will interview college friends
and acquaintances. A pattern of marijuana use may result in denial of
employment. So, marijuana use IS a big deal!
Miscellanous Drugs
These drugs are not
sold through legitimate channels. As with all drugs purchased on the ÒstreetÓ
or over the internet, one must be aware of the dangers of using an unknown,
unregulated substance.
● Synthetic stimulants (Òbath saltsÓ) are designer drugs that were made illegal
to possess in the U.S. by the Drug Enforcement Administration in October 2011;
have effects similar to other drugs such as MDMA, LSD, and amphetamines;
effects include agitation, insomnia, irritability, dizziness, depression,
paranoia, delusions, suicidal thoughts, seizures, panic attacks. impaired
perception of reality, reduced motor control, and decreased ability to think
clearly; rapid heart rate, chest pains, nosebleeds, sweating, nausea, and
vomiting. Possession of these these drugs can result in suspension or expulsion
from the University.
● K2 or Spice (Òfake weedÓ) : A mixture of herbs and spices that is
typically sprayed with a synthetic compound chemically similar to THC, the
psychoactive ingredients in marijuana; made illegal by the Drug Enforcement
Administration in March 2011. Effects are similar to marijuana and can include
paranoia, anxiety, increased heart rate and blood pressure. Possession of these
drugs can result in suspension or expulsion from the University.
Loyola University's policies and regulations, consistent
with federal, state and local law and regulations, prohibit the unlawful
possession, use, or distribution of illicit drugs and alcoholic beverages by
students on its property or as part of its activities. Use of illicit drugs by
a student is grounds for severe sanctions, including suspension, mandatory
random drug testing, or expulsion, and may result in referral to authorities
for prosecution. Use of alcohol by any student under age of 21 years is
prohibited and may provide grounds for sanctions that may include referral for
alcohol and drug education, and other action up to expulsion. Similarly,
students whose behaviors involve charges of other violations of College
regulations, including the Student Code of Conduct, and indicate problematic
use of alcohol or other drugs, may be referred to the Alcohol and Drug Program
Director for assessment as to the presence of alcohol or drug dependence and
referral for education and/or treatment on or off campus, as appropriate.
Completion of referral recommendations may be included as part of the sanctions
for these violations.
Legal Sanctions
The possession, use or distribution of drugs, drug
paraphernalia, or alcohol by Loyola University students on campus or at any university
sponsored or related activity is subject to applicable federal, state and local
laws. Criminal sanctions for illegal drug and alcohol activity are severe.
Loyola University students are not exempt from these laws by virtue of their
status as students or their presence on Loyola University property.
The following information is provided for
informational purposes only and is not intended to describe fully all of the
pertinent laws regarding drug or alcohol offenses.
Federal Sanctions
Federal law prohibits generally the manufacture,
distribution, or dispensing of a controlled dangerous substance and, under
certain circumstances, of a counterfeit substance. It is also a crime to
possess a controlled dangerous substance with the intent to manufacture,
distribute or dispense the substance. Conviction for one of these
"distribution offenses" is punishable by a prison sentence, the
length of which depends on the type and amount of the drug involved. In
addition to the prison sentence the penalty may also include a fine. For
example, for an offense involving five kilograms or more of cocaine, 10 grams
or more of LSD, or 1000 kilograms or more of marijuana, a prison sentence of
not less than 10 years will be imposed. A prison term of not less than five years
will be imposed for offenses involving 500 grams or more of cocaine, one gram
or more of LSD or 100 kilograms or more of marijuana.
Federal law also provides stiff penalties for
"simple" possession. For a first conviction for possession of a
controlled substance, the law provides for up
to one year imprisonment and mandates a fine of at least $1000. With each drug
conviction, the penalties increase. Further, federal law states that a first
conviction for any federal or state drug possession offense may disqualify the
offender from receiving any federal benefits (including, for example, student
loans) for up to one year.
State and Local Sanctions
Maryland law states that an individual convicted of
the manufacture, distribution, dispensing, or possession of certain controlled
dangerous substance with an intent to do any of the foregoing is subject to
imprisonment for up to 20 years, or a fine of up to $25,000, or both. As with
federal law, the penalty varies depending on the drug types and amount and the
Maryland statute provides for increasingly stiff penalties with each drug
offense conviction. Repeat offenders are subject to a mandatory prison sentence
of at least two years. A felony conviction for bringing into Maryland certain
illegal drugs can carry a prison sentence of up to 25 years and a fine of up to
$50,000. Conviction of possession of controlled substances also carries
penalties. For example, if convicted of possession of marijuana, an individual
faces a prison sentence of up to one year and/or a fine of up to $1,000, and
for the possession of other controlled dangerous substances, a prison term of
up to four years and/or a fine of up to $25,000. In general, under Maryland law
it is unlawful for any person under 21 years of age to possess alcoholic
beverages or for any person to misrepresent his or her age or the age of
another to obtain alcoholic beverages. It is also unlawful for a person to
furnish alcoholic beverages to another if he or she knows the recipient of the
beverage is under 21 years old. Any person over 18 violating these sections of
the law may be fined up to $500 for a first offense and $1000 for a second
offense.
This description is only a brief summary of some of
the sanctions under federal and state drug and alcohol offense statutes. It
does not identify all sanctions; for example, there are statutes which provide
for enhanced penalties for the manufacture or distribution of drugs in or near
schools or colleges, and statutes which result in property forfeiture.
Concerned individuals should consult state or federal prosecutors or their own
attorneys for further information.
University Regulations
Loyola University's regulations, set forth in detail
in the Loyola University Community Standards 2010-2011 and summarized here,
prohibit unlawful possession, use, or distribution of drugs, drug paraphernalia
and alcoholic beverages, and provide for prompt imposition of consequences for
violative behaviors, upon completion of prescribed procedures that include
opportunity for hearing and appeal. The possible sanctions include, but are not
limited to, suspension or expulsion, and may result in referral to authorities
for prosecution in the case of conduct in violation of Federal, State, or local
law. The basic principle underlying these regulations is that each student is
responsible for his or her behavior and its consequences, intended or
unintended, in violation of prescribed rules of conduct. When available
information suggests the behavior to be related to dependence on alcohol or
other drugs, the student involved may be provided an opportunity for
appropriate treatment interventions as a part of or in addition to other
sanctions.
Illicit Drugs and Paraphernalia
It is a violation of University regulations for a
student to unlawfully use, possess, administer to another, or to manufacture,
distribute, or dispense any controlled dangerous substance or drug
paraphernalia. Controlled dangerous substances include, but are not necessarily
limited to, the following classes of psychoactive substances: amphetamine,
cannabis (marijuana, THC), cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids (for example,
codeine, morphine, heroin, methadone), phencyclidine (PCP), and sedatives,
hypnotics and anxiolytics. Paraphernalia include: hypodermic syringes, gelatin capsules,
substances used to cut drugs (for example, quinine), testing equipment, mixing
devices, scales, pipes, roach clips, cocaine spoons, bongs.
Alcoholic Beverages
The University s prohibitions and sanctions relative
to alcoholic beverages are set forth in detail in the Loyola University Community
Standards 2010-2011. Violations carry penalties ranging from fines, parental
and academic adviser notification, suspension from housing, suspension or
expulsion from the College, to referral to State or local authorities. For any
misuse or abuse of alcohol, the University reserves the right to mandate that a
student attend alcohol education classes and/or receive an assessment by the University's
Alcohol and Drug Education and Support Services Director and follow that
individualÕs educational and/or treatment recommendations.
Jan Edward Williams, MS, JD, LCADC
September 2012
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Effects Of Overdose |
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Euphoria Drowsiness Respiratory
depression Constricted
pupils Nausea |
Slow and
shallow Breathing
Clammy skin Convulsions Coma Possible death |
Yawning
Loss
of appetite Irritability
Tremors
Panic
Cramps
Nausea
Runny
nose Chills
and sweating Watery
eyes |
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Heroin Hydromorphone Oxycodone (OxyContin) Methadone and LAAM |
High |
High |
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DEPRESSANTS
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Slurred
speech Disorientation
Drunken
behavior without odor of alcohol |
Shallow
respiration Clammy
skin Dilated
pupils Weak
and rapid pulse Coma
Possible
death |
Anxiety
Insomnia
Tremors
Delirium
Convulsions
Possible
death |
|
Barbiturates Benzodiazepines |
High-Moderate |
High-Moderate |
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Ketamine (Special K) |
Possible |
Unknown |
Psychedelic
effects
Muscle
rigidity
Aggressive/violent behavior
Exaggerated strength Euphoria
Illusions, Hallucinations
Dissociation
Impervious to pain |
Vomiting
Convulsions Possible
death |
Unknown |
STIMULANTS
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Cocaine (crack) Methamphetamine Ritalin (methylphenidate) |
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Increased
alertness Euphoria
Increased
pulse rate and blood pressure Excitation
Insomnia
Loss
of appetite |
Agitation
Increased
body temperature
Hallucinations
Convulsions Death |
Apathy
Long
periods of sleep Irritability
Depression
Disorientation Pleasurelessness
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Ecstasy (MDMA) |
Unknown |
Moderate |
Same as
stimulants Jaw
muscle
clenching
Heightened aware- Ness Calm
empathy |
High
body temp- erature High
blood pressure Seizures Acute
anxiety |
Flashbacks Possible effects on memory |
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CANNABIS |
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Marijuana |
Possible |
Moderate |
Euphoria
Relaxed
inhibitions Increased
appetite Disorientation
|
Fatigue
Paranoia
Possible
Psychosis |
Insomnia
Appetite
loss Headache Aches,
chills Craving |
HALLUCINOGENS
|
Illusions/ hallucinations Misperception
time Dissociation Depersonalization
Combativeness
Amnesia |
Paranoia Seizures High
blood pressure Longer trips Psychosis
Catatonia Coma Possible
death |
Unknown
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LSD |
None |
Moderate |
Stimulant effects
Light trails
Sensory distortion
Depersonalization |
Acute anxiety/panic
Paranoia
Delusions
Psychosis |
None |
*Adapted from Higher Education Center for Alcohol and
Other Drug Education and Prevention: Complying With the Drug-Free Schools and Campuses
Regulations [34 CFR Part 86]. A Guide for University and College
Administrators. http://www.edc.org/hec/pubs/dfscr.htm